A friend recently had a good old moan about being given directions that involved “turning right at the pub that isn’t there any more“. Just about as good a definition of what’s wrong with the world these days: perhaps we should just be grateful that our political masters haven’t found a way to privatize the roads. Errr, yet.
Hence we perhaps ought to celebrate the constancy of something that has stayed the same now for well over sixty years: the continued unknownness of The Unknown Man found on a South Australian beach on 1st December 1948, AKA the “Tamam Shud” cipher mystery. If only more things stayed the same, straws swaying lithely against the winds of modernity, eh?
All the same, the recent claim that The Unknown Man was in fact a certain “H. C. Reynolds” continues to intrigue me: I just wish there was a way to work out if this was true or not. We’ve managed to establish a solid timeline for Reynolds’ work as a young merchant seaman in and around Hobart in 1917-1919, and also to glean a few meagre facts: that he was born in Hobart on 8th Feb 1900, and that his middle name was Charles. Pretty much everything else on the pages of his personal history remains unseen to us.
Frustratingly, he was almost certainly not Horace Charles Reynolds, a lifelong poultry farmer born on the 12th February 1900 near Hobart: so much for Ancestry.com searches, hohum!
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A few months back, Diane O’Donovan very generously went to look at the logbooks of the RMS Niagara (a ship our HCR briefly worked on), but sadly found nothing useful… Then again, it was a particularly big ship, on which HCR only worked one round trip to Canada via Hawaii (where the ID card almost certainly came from), so perhaps a negative result shouldn’t come as a great surprise.
All of which left (according to the Log of Logs) one last set of log books to examine: and so the intrepid John Kozak stepped forward to make a journey into the sweeping suburban jungle surrounding Sydney, to track down the SS Koonya’s log books in the Kingswood reading room.
Unfortunately, it seems that even though these contain plenty of references to HCR (in the forms “Charles”, “Chas”, “H Charles” and (most commonly) “H Chas”, says John) in the log books, that is precisely as far as they go. No first name, no passing detail to try to tie to the real world, no nothing. Even though I’m really pleased that John managed to get his much-sought-after pineapple doughnuts from the cafeteria van outside the archive, as far as The Unknown Man goes it would seem as though we’re now stuck.
Is this The End? Well… mostly, although there are a few (albeit silkily fine) threads left dangling, and (as always) any one of them might possibly yield something (after all, it’s not as if we know nothing at all about HCR). He landed a job as a purser at a young age, so he must have done well at school, surely? So, here is my collection of HCR’s-school-related archival musings, perhaps one of them will point to where we should look to find HCR getting his exam results in (I guess) 1917.,,
(1) The (possible) Waratah connection. A 26th January 1918 newspaper tea-company advertorial refers to a certain “Master H Reynolds” of the mining town of Waratah. It’s a wafer thin lead, sure, but might this be our HCR? Unfortunately, a helpful lady from the Waratah Museum Society told me that “Waratah was very prone to buildings catching fire”, particularly ones with archives in, it would seem. So it’s far from clear how to follow this up.
(2) Cheryl Bearden points to the possibility (from crew manifests) that Reynolds had a younger brother (born ~1901) with first initial M. I wondered whether this might have been Maurice Reynolds (a reasonably well-known boxer, wrestler & occasional film-star), and so tracked his life back to Hutchins School in Hobart. However, according to Margaret Mason-Cox at Hutchins (who very kindly looked this up for me):-
According to the Hutchins Roll of Scholars, Maurice Davies Reynolds, born 4 July 1907, entered Hutchins 27 July 1921, no. 2507. He was the son of W B Reynolds, of ‘Hope Vale’, Mangalore, and was a boarder. He had two older brothers who attended Hutchins: Francis Lawrence (born 1901, entered 1916) and William Thomas Reynolds (born 1903, entered 1917).
As far as I can tell, they were not related to Herbert Francis Reynolds (born 1901, entered Hutchins 1910), whose father was F Reynolds, of Montpelier Road, Hobart.
Another dead end, but which at least serves to eliminate one school from our enquiries.
(3) Cheryl Bearden noted a while back that “a C. Reynolds appeared on the 1915 roster for the Junior Derwent Football team, [so] the school he [C. Reynolds] attended is probably in the Derwent area of Hobart“… but whether the H C Reynolds had already taken to calling himself C Reynolds in 1915 remains conjectural.
(4) In an email to me, “X Lamb” (the lady who originally had the HCR id card) mentioned some kind of odd family mythology around “Virgillians” (presumably St. Virgils School in Hobart, founded 1911, which would potentially make HCR one of its very first pupils) which may or indeed may not be connected to HCR. Don’t really know what to make of this, but thought I ought to mention it anyway.
Regardless, it would seem that this barely known young man remains resolutely untraceable, and his status as a possible Unknown Man candidate continues to be unknown, leaving the whole mystery as murky as ever. Rejoice in its constancy!
Debra: thanks very much for that, fascinating stuff! I’ll email you separately, perhaps you might like to do a guest post here saying what documents you found? What you’ve found certainly demands an updated post here!
http://www.nickpelling.com/
I am coming to this discussion a bit late, but I would like to add some comments to statements that have been made.
“And yes, there was also a Horace Charles Reynolds born not far away in Triabunna, Tasmania also in Feb 1900, who (I’m told) was a lifelong poultry farmer who never went to Adelaide, never mind to sea.” (Nick Pelling 22 Feb 2012)
“Frustratingly, he was almost certainly not Horace Charles Reynolds, a lifelong poultry farmer born on the 12th February 1900 near Hobart.” (Nick Pelling 6 Jan 2012)
There was only one Horace Charles Reynolds born in Tasmania in 1900 and the birth was registered at Hobart. The date of birth given in the indexes is 8 Feb 1900, not the 12th. There is no other birth that I can see which could be confused with this chap. His parents were Edwin Reynolds and Mary Ann Matilda Bayley who were living at Spring Bay near Triabunna. At 42 years of age it is possible that his mother did go to a Hobart hospital to give birth.
With that information as well as the details below which were posted by Nick on 10 March 2012, I believe it is more than sufficient proof that the Horace referred to above is the same person who was working as a Purser for the Union Steam Ship Company.
“…a short record relating to H C Reynolds in AF019:1:1 (“Pursers records [1-4] – 1879-1925“), which she noted seemed to be “the log book [listing] pursers holiday leave”. It said:-
Reynolds, H.C.:
Appt [appointed] ass [assistant] purser: Manuka 12/11/17
Jnr [Junior] Hobart Branch
50 pound Birthday 8/[2]/1900
Asig [Assigned] Koonya 15/4/18
Shore mate £75 as from 1/11/17
Resigned
“The family of H.C. Reynolds that was born in Tasmania do not believe he was ever a sailor, and that he was a farmer with his brother in NSW. Both he and his brother are listed on ancestry on election records in a farming area.” (Michael 22 Feb 2012)
From Horaces’s death notice in 1953 we know that he had been living in Brookvale, NSW.
REYNOLDS – Suddenly, on May 16, 1953, at a private hospital, Hobart, Horace Charles Reynolds, late of Brookvale, New South Wales, aged 53 years.
Horace had several brothers, one of whom was Archibald Henry born in 1895. The 1930 and 1933 NSW electoral rolls show Archibald Henry Reynolds living in Carter Road at Brookvale in NSW, but even though he may have bred a few chooks in the back yard, he certainly wasn’t a poultry farmer by occupation, he was a clerk. A Charles Reynolds was also living in Carter Road and he was also a clerk.
Going back a wee bit…..in September 1914 Archibald was in Queensland (occupation Photographer) when he enlisted in the infamous 9th Battalion which was raised shortly after war was declared. He was in the first boat to land at Gallipoli on 25 April 1915.
Correspondence of interest in his service record is a letter written in 1927 which indicates that he intended to apply for a Commonwealth Public Service position, and another written in 1934 which indicates that he worked for the Department of Main Roads and had a Brookvale address.
Where does the ‘poultry farmer’ story come from? Perhaps it was between the end of the war and 1927, but I do think that whoever provided the information has the wrong end of the stick.
The occupation of ‘clerk’ for the Charles who was living in Brookvale sits well with someone who had started their career as a Purser.
There is documentation which has already been mentioned for the arrival of the ‘Niagara’ into Honolulu on 4 April 1918 which notes that H.C. Reynolds, assistant Purser, was engaged on 28 Feb 1918.
I am not related to this family but perhaps you can reconnect with Horace’s family to try to source a photograph of him. It would be nice to at least prove that this card belonged to him.
A photo of Archibald Henry Reynolds – WW1
http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/22297086
A photo of a third brother Oswald Bayley Reynolds
http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/27090666
Debra
Ah! I forgot to mention/ask something in my previous comment. Has anyone given any thought to the odd array of things found in the man’s case? Now, keep in mind that I found this information on the internet so who really knows how accurate it is…but! from what I have read, his case contained an electricians screwdriver, a modified “table knife”, a pair of scissors, a stenciling brush and a card of thread that had been used to repair his clothing. I am sure that I am not the only one who thinks that this is an odd array of things to just travel around with.
http://bracing.bandcamp.com
I’ve been researching this case for a few years (that is actually how I came across this awesome website!) and it’s been driving me crazy for as many years, as well. I’ve no real concrete evidence to support this, but I just feel in my gut that this was not a case of suicide. I just feel there is much more to this. More than likely, muuuuch more than we will ever know at this point. I have a good feeling that the exact details of who this man was, what he was doing and how he met his end are resting for eternity in a well guarded file cabinet somewhere.
http://bracing.bandcamp.com
Hello, you have probably found this out yourself, but just incase you haven´t the Aug 25. 1945 issue of MIRROR (Perth) holds an article on Joseph Haim Saul Marshall, who commit suicide at Taylor Bay and was found with a copy of THE RUBAIYAT on his chest.
Hi Knox,
We’ve all now gone through lots of these archival sources (and indeed many others) without getting any useful breaks in our search, so the big question now is simply where to look next. But what leads are there available to us?
I think it highly likely that HCR would have got a job as a Purser at such a young age only if he had been able to demonstrate both excellent numeracy and a high level of trustworthiness. For numeracy, I expect he left school (probably in Hobart, where he was both born and employed) with good grades: and for trustworthiness, I expect he had a relative already working for the company (probably in its management?) who was able to vouch for him.
All of which isn’t much to go on, sure, but maybe it will prove to be enough. We shall see…
Cheers, ….Nick….
http://www.nickpelling.com/
There are many leads and links on genealogical sites. The problem is that you can spend years sifting through incomplete databases, local area databases, and those that cover a limited number of years. Although all three names are common, I was surprised by the number of people with names similar to HCR in these archives. It should be easy to sort out the different families in a place as small as Tasmania — so I thought. Tasmanian historian, Henry Reynolds had to hire a professional genealogist to research a lineage of his own ancestry.
-Australian Electoral Rolls, 1903-1980
The photocopy pages for individuals were black so all I got was two lists of names. Might be my fault for not allowing enough scripts to be run. At least one page had a message to the effect “server not ready; come back later”. Someone else might have better luck.
-Sands Directories: Sydney and New South Wales, Australia, 1858-1933
Some typical sites:
The Western Australian Post Office Directories
Grouped into individual years. Each, I think, has an alphabetical directory of individuals by surname.
http://www.slwa.wa.gov.au/find/guides/wa_history/post_office_directories
A genealogical page with links
http://ftfmagazine.lewcock.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=238:research-guide-australia&catid=49:june-2009
Research and explore the official archives of the State of New South Wales.
http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/state-archives/state-archives
CJ and Nick,
I’ve hesitated to contribute to this discussion because it may “hit too close to home”. But here is another “scenario” as to how that man ended up a “suicide” on that beach.
He may have been a collaborator/”inside man” during the attacks on Alice Springs and other areas of Australia. Just a thought. The ID may have been planted, just to confuse the issue.
?
HCR most likely went to a marine academy. There are other places to look for him before and after our records. I’ll have some links later. I got sidetracked trying to work out itineraries or tracking reports for four ships (patrols, not cargo) from the “code”. The writing appears to have been from dictation over a phone, by wireless, or by a signal. Harebrained idea but a neat puzzle and does serve to show there are other possibilities for the “code”. The odds may be for a natural death of the Unknown Man. Not so great that other causes shouldn’t be entertained. I can’t imagine a motive for leaving a body in a public place, especially one designed to attract attention. But there are greater mysteries surrounding UKUSA (not the only suspect).
Hi Nick : )
This was a truly wonderful article…thanks bunches! Do I think we reached the end? No. The Unknown Man planned his suicide with great care and meaning. An homage? To or for whom? Without answers, I cannot leave him.
Happy Day, Mr. Pelling : )
Cheryl